=Calculator Dad

Free online calculators

Type a number. Get the right one back.

Calculators that show their working, so you can check them.

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Paycheck is finished and checked. The rest are being built, one at a time, to the same standard.

While you are here

More about calculators than you strictly need

The machine this site is named after has a genuinely good story. Open whichever bit interests you.

How we got from a hand-crank to a phone app

In 1967 a handheld calculator was a laboratory prototype at Texas Instruments. By 1972 you could buy one that did trigonometry. The hinge was 1971, when the logic that had needed hundreds of transistors was squeezed onto a single chip, and the price fell from hundreds of dollars to a few.

The full timeline →

Why 8 ÷ 2(2 + 2) starts arguments

PEMDAS and BODMAS are the same rule with different names. The fight is over one thing neither of them settles: whether multiplication written without a sign, like 2(2 + 2), binds tighter than division. Calculators disagree too, and so do Excel and Google.

The order of operations, explained →

The slide rule, which went to the Moon

For about 350 years engineers multiplied by adding lengths on a logarithmic scale. Pickett slide rules flew on the Apollo missions. Then the HP-35 arrived in 1972 and production stopped within a few years.

How it worked and why it vanished →

The day an abacus beat an electric calculator

In Tokyo in November 1946, a champion soroban operator from Japan’s postal savings bureau took on a US Army private working an electric calculator. The abacus won four events to one.

The abacus, from Sumer to the soroban →

Why 0.7734 says hello

Turn a calculator upside down and the digits become letters. It has been a playground joke since the 1970s, and it even made it onto an album title.

Calculator spelling, with a tool to try your own →

What is actually inside one

Power, a keypad, a display and a chip. Most calculators count in decimal rather than binary, which is slower but is why they tell you 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3 when a carelessly written program does not.

What happens when you press 25 + 9 →

The kinds of calculator

Basic, scientific, graphing, programmable, specialised, and software, which is this site. No hardware limit means a tool can be as specific as the job needs.

What separates them →